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1 state
state [steɪt]état ⇒ 1 (a) État ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c) d'État, de l'État ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) officiel ⇒ 2 (c) déclarer ⇒ 3 formuler ⇒ 31 noun(a) (condition) état m;∎ the country is in a state of war/shock le pays est en état de guerre/choc;∎ a state of confusion prevailed la confusion régnait;∎ he was in a state of confusion il ne savait plus où il en était;∎ he was in a state of panic il a été pris de panique;∎ she was in a state of terror elle était terrifiée;∎ the married state le mariage;∎ the single state le célibat;∎ chlorine in its gaseous/liquid state le chlore à l'état gazeux/liquide;∎ to be in a good/bad state (road, carpet, car) être en bon/mauvais état; (person, economy, friendship) aller bien/mal;∎ the house was in a good/poor state of repair la maison était en bon/mauvais état;∎ to be in a terrible state (person → emotionally) être dans tous ses états; (→ physically) être dans un état lamentable; (room, papers) être sens dessus dessous;∎ she was in no (fit) state to make a decision elle était hors d'état de ou elle n'était pas en état de prendre une décision;∎ the car's not in a state to be driven la voiture n'est pas en état de rouler;∎ what's the current state of play? où en sont-ils?;∎ what's the current state of play on the project? où en est le projet?;∎ familiar to get into a state se mettre dans tous ses états;∎ he gets into an awful state if I don't phone si je ne lui téléphone pas, il se met dans tous ses états;∎ there's no need to get into such a state about it ce n'est pas la peine de te mettre dans un état pareil∎ a state within a state un État dans l'État;∎ the member states les États membres;∎ the head of state le chef de l'État;∎ heads of state chefs mpl d'État;∎ the separation of (the) Church and (the) State la séparation de l'Église et de l'État(c) (in US, Australia, India etc → political division) État m;∎ familiar the States les États-Unis□, les US;∎ the State of Ohio l'État de l'Ohio∎ he was in his robes of state il était en costume d'apparat(a) (government → secret) d'État; (→ subsidy, intervention, pension) de l'État; Economics (→ sector) public; (→ airline, funeral) national∎ the state capital la capitale de l'État;∎ a state university une université d'État ou publique;∎ the Michigan State team l'équipe de l'État du Michigan;∎ a state park un parc régional;∎ American to turn state's evidence or state's witness = témoigner contre ses complices en échange d'une remise de peine∎ state occasion cérémonie f officielle;∎ the State Opening of Parliament = l'ouverture officielle du Parlement britannique en présence du souverain(utter, say) déclarer; (express, formulate → intentions) déclarer; (→ demands) formuler; (→ proposition, problem, conclusions, views) énoncer, formuler; (→ conditions) poser;∎ the president stated emphatically that the rumours were untrue le président a démenti catégoriquement les rumeurs;∎ I have already stated my position on that issue j'ai déjà fait connaître ma position à ce sujet;∎ I have stated my opinion j'ai donné mon opinion;∎ we state the current figures on page five les chiffres actuels sont donnés en page cinq;∎ the regulations clearly state that daily checks must be made le règlement dit ou indique clairement que des vérifications quotidiennes doivent être effectuées;∎ please state salary expectations veuillez indiquer le salaire souhaité;∎ state your name and address donnez vos nom, prénoms et adresse;∎ the man refused to state his business l'homme a refusé d'expliquer ce qu'il voulait;∎ as stated above comme indiqué plus haut;∎ state the figure as a percentage exprimez ou indiquez le chiffre en pourcentage;∎ to state one's case présenter ses arguments;∎ Law to state the case for the defence/the prosecution présenter le dossier de la défense/de l'accusationAmerican (department) le Département d'Étaten grand apparat, en grande pompe;∎ to travel in state voyager en grand apparat;∎ to dine in state dîner en grande pompe;∎ to lie in state être exposé solennellement;∎ to live in state mener grand train►► state of affairs circonstances fpl actuelles;∎ nothing can be done in the present state of affairs vu les circonstances actuelles, on ne peut rien faire;∎ this is an appalling state of affairs c'est une situation épouvantable;∎ ironic this is a fine state of affairs! c'est du propre!;state apartments appartements mpl de parade;state of the art (of procedures, systems) ce qui se fait de mieux;∎ the state of the art in linguistics l'état actuel des connaissances en linguistique;state attorney procureur m;American state bank banque f de dépôt (agréée par un État);state buildings bâtiments mpl publics;state capitalism capitalisme m d'État;state church église f d'État;state control contrôle m étatique; (doctrine) étatisme m;∎ to be put or placed under state control être nationalisé;∎ state control of the means of communication nationalisation f des moyens de communication;American State Department ministère m des Affaires étrangères;state of emergency état m d'urgence;∎ a state of emergency has been declared l'état d'urgence a été déclaré;British State Enrolled Nurse aide-soignant m diplômé, aide-soignante f diplômée;History States General États généraux mpl;American state line frontière f entre États;American state lottery loterie f d'État;state of mind état m d'esprit;∎ in your present state of mind dans l'état d'esprit qui est le vôtre;∎ success is just a state of mind la réussite n'est qu'un état d'esprit;∎ is he in a better state of mind? est-ce qu'il est dans de meilleures dispositions?;state pension pension f de l'État;state police police f de l'État;American state prison prison f d'État (pour les longues peines);British State Registered Nurse infirmier m diplômé, infirmière f diplômée (remplacé en 1992 par "Registered Nurse");American states' rights = principe selon lequel, si la constitution des États-Unis n'octroie ni ne refuse un pouvoir à un État particulier, ce pouvoir appartient de fait à l'État et non au gouvernement fédéral;British state school école f publique;British state sector secteur m public;state socialism socialisme m d'État;State Supreme Court = instance judiciaire suprême dans chaque État américain;the state system (education) le public, l'enseignement m public;American state trooper ≃ gendarme m;State of the Union address discours m sur l'état de l'Union;Politics state visit visite f officielle;∎ he's on a state visit to Japan il est en visite officielle ou voyage officiel au Japonⓘ STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS Ce discours radiotélévisé, dans lequel le président des États-Unis dresse le bilan de son programme et en définit les orientations, est prononcé devant le Congrès. L'allocution présidentielle a lieu tous les ans en janvier. -
2 state
[steɪt] I 1. сущ.1) состояние, положениеstate of affairs — положение дел, ситуация; конъюнктура
- financial stateThings were in an untidy state. — Все вещи были в беспорядке.
- mental state
- transitional state
- unconscious state
- state of the artGram:[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]State verbs[/ref]2) строение, структура, форма- solid stateSyn:3) положение, рангSyn:4) великолепие, пышность, роскошь; парадность, помпаSyn:••to work oneself into a state, to get (oneself) into a state — выйти из себя, разозлиться, потерять самообладание
- lie in state 2. прил.Don't get into a state! разг. — Не заводись!
парадный; торжественныйSyn:3. гл.1) заявлять; утверждать; констатироватьSyn:2) устанавливать, точно определятьA problem must be stated in order to be solved. — Чтобы решить проблему, её надо чётко определить.
3)а) формулировать; излагатьThe contents of the deed were falsely stated. — Содержание дела было неверно сформулировано.
to state a case — юр. сформулировать спорные вопросы по делу; докладывать о деле, о существе спора
to state charge — юр. сформулировать обвинение
Syn:б) мат. формулировать, выражать знаками4) вводить в должность, наделять правамиTo state him in the right of disposing of the forces. — Дать ему право самостоятельно распределить силы.
Syn:place in, install inII 1. сущ.1) государство, странаmember state — государство - член какой-л. организации
to establish / found / set up a state — создать государство
to govern / rule a state — управлять, править государством
client state — зависимое государство, государство-клиент, сателлит
welfare state — "государство всеобщего благосостояния" (с системой социального обеспечения, бесплатным обучением)
Syn:2)а) штат (в США, Индии)б) ( the States) разг. Штаты, Соединённые Штаты АмерикиSyn:United States of America, USA Iв) амер. университет (какого-л. штата; употребляется всегда с названием штата)2. прил.state park — амер. государственный парк
Syn: -
3 state
1. сущ.1)а) пол. государство ( страна с определенной формой политической организации)See:African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States, African, Caribbean and Pacific States 2), African, Caribbean and Pacific Statesб) пол. государственная власть; государство, государственный аппаратSee:2)а) гос. упр. штат ( основная административно-территориальная единица США)See:CHILD [name\]: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming CHILD [type\]: lien theory state, title theory state, state bank supervisor, territory, enabling act 2)б) мн., общ., разг. Штаты (разговорное обозначение США; пишется с определенным артиклем и с заглавной буквы)See:в) гос. упр., австр. штат ( одна из шести основных единиц территориального деления Австралии)See:territory 4), New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, premier 3), Legislative Council3) общ. состояние, ситуация, положениеstate of affairs — положение дел, ситуация; конъюнктура
State x allows a welfare improvement over state y according to the Pareto criterion. — Состояние A позволяет достигнуть более высокого уровня благосостояния по критерию Парето по сравнению с состоянием B.
See:2. гл.общ. заявлять, утверждать; констатировать3. прил.1) гос. упр. государственныйSyn:See:2) гос. упр., амер. относящийся к отдельному штату ( в отличие от федерального)3) общ. официальныйthe Queen pays a state visit to Malaysia on Saturday — в субботу королева нанесет официальный визит в Малайзию
Syn:See:
* * *
1) государство; 2) штат США. -
4 Ohio
[ǝuˊhaɪǝu] Огайо, штат на Среднем Западе США <инд. большая река>. Сокращение: OH. Прозвища: «штат конского каштана» [*Buckeye State], «современная родина президентов» [*Modern Mother of Presidents]. Житель штата: Ohioan. Столица: г. Колумбус [Columbus]. Девиз: «С Божьей помощью всё возможно» [‘With God, all things are possible’]. Песня: «Прекрасный Огайо» [‘Beautiful Ohio’]. Цветок: алая гвоздика [scarlet carnation]. Дерево: конский каштан [buckeye]. Птица: кардинал [cardinal]. Насекомое: божья коровка [ladybug]. Камень: кремень [flint]. Напиток: томатный сок [tomato juice]. Площадь: 106125 кв. км (41,330 sq. mi.) (35- е место). Население (1992): св. 11 млн. (7- е место). Крупнейшие города: Кливленд [*Cleveland], Колумбус [*Columbus], Цинциннати [*Cincinnati], Толидо [*Toledo], Акрон [*Akron], Дейтон [*Dayton], Янгстаун [Youngstown]. Экономика. Один из наиболее экономически развитых штатов. Основные отрасли: обрабатывающая промышленность, машиностроение, резиновая, электротехническая, радиоэлектронная, сталелитейная, автомобильная промышленность, торговля, обслуживание. Основная продукция: транспортное оборудование, резина, машины, металл и металлоизделия. Сельское хозяйство. Основные культуры: кукуруза, озимая пшеница, овёс, соя, сеяные травы. Животноводство (1992): скота — 1,6 млн., свиней — 1,9 млн., бройлеров — 24,9 млн., индеек — 5 млн. Лесное хозяйство: дуб, ясень, клён, орех, бук. Полезные ископаемые: уголь, нефть, газ, соль, строительный песок и гравий, известь. История. В районе Огайо в 1669 побывал французский исследователь Ла Саль [*La Salle]. Начиная с 1685 сюда стали проникать американские скупщики пушнины, французы и индейцы пытались воспрепятствовать этому. Огайо стал территорией США в 1783, после Войны за независимость. Первое поселение было официально зарегистрировано в районе Мариетты [Marietta] в 1788. Войны с индейцами закончились их разгромом американскими войсками под командованием Энтони Уэйна [Wayne, Anthony] у Фоллен-Тимберс [Fallen Timbers] в 1794. В войне 1812 победа Оливера Перри [*Perry, Oliver H.] на оз. Эри и вторжение в Канаду Уильяма Харрисона [*Harrison, William] в 1813 положили конец английским притязаниям на территорию Огайо. В состав США штат Огайо вошёл в 1803. Достопримечательности: индейские погребения в Маунд-Сити [Mound City Group National Monument]; Музей авиации и космоса им. Нила Армстронга в Уопаконета [Wapakoneta]; Музей военно-воздушных сил [Air Force Museum] в Дейтоне; Зал славы профессионального футбола [*Pro Football Hall of Fame] в Кантоне [*Canton]; парк аттракционов на о-в е Кингс-Айленд [King's Island]; парк аттракционов Сидар-Пойнт [Cedar Point]; места рождения, дома и мемориалы восьми огайцев, ставших президентами США: Уильяма Гаррисона [*Harrison, William Henry], Гранта [*Grant], Гарфилда [*Garfield], Хейса [*Hayes], Мак-Кинли [*McKinley], Гардинга [*Harding], Тафта [*Taft], Бенджамина Гаррисона [*Harrison, Benjamin]; мемориал Перри [Perry's Victory International Peace Memorial]; острова на оз. Эри [*Lake Erie]; район эмишей [*Amish Region]; немецкая деревня в Колумбусе [Columbus]; спортивный центр Джека Никлоса в Мэйсоне [Mason]. Знаменитые огайцы: Андерсон, Шервуд [*Anderson, Sherwood], писатель; Армстронг, Нил [*Armstrong, Neil], астронавт; Беллоуз, Джордж [*Bellows, George], художник; Бирс, Амброуз [*Bierce, Ambrose], писатель; Дарроу, Кларенс [*Darrow, Clarence], адвокат; Эдисон, Томас [*Edison, Thomas], изобретатель; Гейбл, Кларк [*Gable, Clark], киноактёр; Гленн, Джон [*Glenn, John], первый американский астронавт; Хоуп, Боб [*Hope, Bob], комик; Никлос, Джек [*Nicklaus, Jack], чемпион по игре в гольф; Оуэнс, Джесси [*Owens, Jesse], легкоатлет, олимпийский чемпион; Рокфеллеры [*Rockefeller John D. Sr. and Jr.], финансисты; Роуз, Пит [*Rose, Pit], бейсболист; Шерман, Уильям [*Sherman, William], генерал; Бичер-Стоу, Гарриет [*Stowe, Harriet Beecher], писательница; Тафт, Уильям [*Taft, William H.], 27-й президент США; Тёрбер, Джеймс [*Thurber, James], писатель; братья Райт, Орвилл и Уилбур [*Wright, Orville and Wilbur], авиаторы и авиаконструкторы, изобретатели аэроплана. Ассоциации: «штат конского каштана» [*Buckeye State] ныне один из наиболее населённых и экономически развитых штатов США с многочисленными городами и посёлками ( наиболее известны Кливленд и живописный Цинциннати); назв. штата, начинающееся и оканчивающееся на «о», послужило поводом для школьной шутки-загадки: What has nothing in the beginning, nothing in the end, and high in the middle? -
5 state
Основная государственно-территориальная единица США (50 штатов), имеющая значительную степень суверенитета во внутренних делах [ states' rights] и уступающая всю полноту полномочий федеральным властям в отношениях с иностранными государствами. Принятию какой-либо территории в состав Соединенных Штатов предшествует длительная процедура: обязательное принятие территорией собственной конституции, которая должна удовлетворить Конгресс США [ Congress, U.S.], принимающий решение о ее принятии в состав Соединенных Штатов [ admission to the Union]. Не имеет права выхода [secession] из состава Соединенных Штатов. Слово появилось еще в колониальный период (примерно в 1648) - им называли иногда отдельные колонии; стало использоваться повсеместно после принятия Декларации независимости в 1776. Входит в название 46 штатов (например, [State of Texas]). В основе происхождения конкретных названий штатов лежат шесть источников: названия 26 штатов - индейского происхождения (из них, по крайней мере, одно - Айдахо - на самом деле придуманное слово), название Аляска пришло из языка эскимосов, Гавайи - из гавайского языка; у 11 штатов названия английского происхождения; у шести - испанского, у трех - французского, название Род-Айленд взято из голландского языка, и, наконец, название одного штата - Вашингтон - имеет корни в истории США.см тж Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Georgia; Hawaii; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming -
6 ordinance of God
воля божьяPavel of Mainville, Ohio, and Larysa of Loveland, Ohio were by me united in Marriage according to the ordinance of God and the Laws of the State of Ohio at Lebanon on the 25th day of June in the year of Our Lord, 2002. — Павел из Мэйнвилла, штат Огайо, и Лариса из Ловленда, штат Огайо, были мною соединены в браке согласно божьей воле и законам штата Огайо в городе Лебаноне 25 июня 2002 года нашей эры.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > ordinance of God
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7 senator
[English Word] senator[Swahili Word] seneta[Swahili Plural] maseneta[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[English Example] the Senator for the state of Ohio[Swahili Example] Seneta wa jimbo la Ohio------------------------------------------------------------ -
8 OSC
1) Общая лексика: one stop centre2) Компьютерная техника: Optimizing Sisal Compiler3) Американизм: Office of Special Counsel4) Спорт: Ottawa Ski Club5) Военный термин: Office of the Security Council, Operation Support Center, Operational Support Company, Operations Support Cell, Operations Support Center, Ordnance Systems Command, Overseas Staff College, on-scene commander, operational simulator console, operations sequence chart, organizational supply code6) Техника: Oncology Services Corporation, on-board star catalog, operating support center, operational summary console, operational switching cabinet, operational system configuration, oscillating, oscilloscope, oscilloscopy7) Химия: oxygen storage capacity8) Религия: The Order Of Saint Clare9) Юридический термин: Office of State Controller, Organized Serial Crimes10) Автомобильный термин: output State check (Ford)11) Сокращение: Objective Supply Capability, Office of Satellite Communications, Operational System Control, Optical Sensor Converter, Orbital Sciences Corp. (USA), Orbital Sciences Corporation, oscillate, oscillator, oscillograph12) Университет: Ohio Supercomputer Center13) Физиология: Objective Straight Chiropractic14) Электроника: Open Sound Control, Organic Solderability Coating15) Вычислительная техника: Orbital Sciences Corporation (Space), Ohio Supercomputer Center (organization, USA)16) Биохимия: Optimally Sensitive Controller17) Экология: organic sulfur compound, organosulfur compound, organosulphur compound18) Деловая лексика: Office Support Center, Online Service Center, Ontario Securities Commission, Operator Services Center19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: on-site coordinator20) Образование: Other Side Of Creativity21) Сетевые технологии: optical supervisory channel22) Сахалин Р: Operations Safety Case23) Океанография: Ocean Science Committee24) Нефть и газ: кремний-органическое соединение, кремнийорганическое соединение, organic silicon compound, organosilicon compound25) Электротехника: out-of-step conditions26) Общественная организация: Orlando Science Center27) Правительство: Office of the State Comptroller28) НАСА: Office of Space Communications -
9 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) guvernør2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) bestyrelsesmedlem; præsidiemedlem; direktør3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) guvernør* * *1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) guvernør2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) bestyrelsesmedlem; præsidiemedlem; direktør3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) guvernør -
10 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) gobernador2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) miembro del consejo, director3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) gobernadorgovernor n gobernadortr['gʌvənəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (town, state, bank) gobernador,-ra2 (prison) director,-ra3 (school) administrador,-ragovernor ['gʌvənər, 'gʌvərnər] n1) : gobernador m, - dora f (de un estado, etc.)2) : regulador m (de una máquina)n.• gobernador (Gobierno) s.m.n.• administrador, -ora s.m.,f.• alcaide s.m.• gobernante s.m.,f.• jefe s.m.• prefecto s.m.'gʌvənər, 'gʌvənə(r)1) (of state, province, colony) gobernador, -dora m,f2) ( of institution)prison governor — (BrE) director, -tora m,f ( de una cárcel)
['ɡʌvǝnǝ(r)]school governor — (BrE) miembro de un consejo escolar
1. N1) [of colony, state etc] gobernador(a) m / f2) (esp Brit) [of prison] director(a) m / f3) (Brit) [of school] miembro mf del consejo4) (Brit) ** (=boss) jefe m, patrón m ; (=father) viejo * mthanks, governor! — ¡gracias, jefe!
5) (Mech) regulador m2.CPDgovernor general N — (Brit) gobernador(a) m / f general
* * *['gʌvənər, 'gʌvənə(r)]1) (of state, province, colony) gobernador, -dora m,f2) ( of institution)prison governor — (BrE) director, -tora m,f ( de una cárcel)
school governor — (BrE) miembro de un consejo escolar
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11 governor
noun1) (ruler) Herrscher, der2) (of province, town, etc.) Gouverneur, der3) (of State of US) Gouverneur, der[board of] governors — Vorstand, der; (of school) Schulleitung, die; (of bank, company) Direktorium, das; Direktion, die
6) (Mech.) Regler, der* * *1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) der Gouverneur2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) der Vorstand3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) der Gouverneur* * *gov·er·nor[ˈgʌvənəʳ, AM -ɚnɚ]nthe G\governor of the Bank of England der Präsident der Bank von Englandthe \governors of the school [or the school \governors] der Schulbeirat, die Schulpflege SCHWEIZboard of \governors Vorstand m; of a bank Direktorium nt; of a school Schulbeirat m, Rektor(in) m(f) SCHWEIZ; of a prison Direktor m5. AUTO, MECH Regler m* * *['gʌvənə(r)]nthe (board of) governors — der Vorstand; (of bank also) das Direktorium; (of school) ≈ der Schulbeirat
* * *1. Gouverneur m (auch eines Staates der USA)2. MIL Kommandant m3. a) allg Direktor(in), Leiter(in), Vorsitzende(r) m/f(m)b) Präsident(in) (einer Bank)c) Br Gefängnisdirektor m, -direktorin fd) pl Vorstand m, Direktorium n4. umg (der) Alte:a) alter Herr (Vater)b) Chef m (auch als Anrede)5. TECH Regler mgov. abk1. government2. governor* * *noun1) (ruler) Herrscher, der2) (of province, town, etc.) Gouverneur, der3) (of State of US) Gouverneur, der[board of] governors — Vorstand, der; (of school) Schulleitung, die; (of bank, company) Direktorium, das; Direktion, die
6) (Mech.) Regler, der* * *(mechanics) n.Regulator m. n.Präsident m.Regler - m.Statthalter m. -
12 governor
['gʌvənə(r)]1) (of state, colony) governatore m. (-trice); BE (of bank) governatore m.; (of prison) direttore m.; (of school) membro m. del consiglio d'istituto; (of hospital) membro m. del consiglio d'amministrazione2) el. tecn. regolatore m.* * *1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) governatore2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) amministratore, amministratrice3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) governatore* * *['gʌvənə(r)]1) (of state, colony) governatore m. (-trice); BE (of bank) governatore m.; (of prison) direttore m.; (of school) membro m. del consiglio d'istituto; (of hospital) membro m. del consiglio d'amministrazione2) el. tecn. regolatore m. -
13 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) guvernør2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) styremedlem3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) guvernør, stattholderguvernørsubst. \/ˈɡʌvənə\/1) direktør, leder, sjef2) guvernør, stattholder3) styremedlem4) herskerregent5) ( mekanikk) (turtalls)regulator, styringsmekanismeboard of governors styre, ledelse, presidiumthe governor ( hverdagslig) ( om overordnet person) sjefen, bossen, basen, kapteinen, skipper'n ( om ens far) fatter'n, sjefen, bossen, gamlingen, gammer'nthe governor of the feast ( bibelsk) kjøkemesterenthe incumbent governor (spesielt amer.) innehaveren av guvernørstillingen, den sittende guvernøren -
14 governor
['gʌvənə(r)]n(of state, colony) gubernator m; (of bank, school etc) członek(-nkini) m(f) zarządu; ( BRIT) ( of prison) naczelnik m* * *1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) gubernator2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) członek zarządu3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) gubernator -
15 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
16 Roebling, John Augustus
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 12 July 1806 Muhlhausen, Prussiad. 22 July 1869 Brooklyn, New York, USA[br]German/American bridge engineer and builder.[br]The son of Polycarp Roebling, a tobacconist, he studied mathematics at Dr Unger's Pedagogium in Erfurt and went on to the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Berlin, from which he graduated in 1826 with honours in civil engineering. He spent the next three years working for the Prussian government on the construction of roads and bridges. With his brother and a group of friends, he emigrated to the United States, sailing from Bremen on 23 May 1831 and docking in Philadelphia eleven weeks later. They bought 7,000 acres (2,800 hectares) in Butler County, western Pennsylvania, and established a village, at first called Germania but later known as Saxonburg. Roebling gave up trying to establish himself as a farmer and found work for the state of Pennsylvania as Assistant Engineer on the Beaver River canal and others, then surveying a railroad route across the Allegheny Mountains. During his canal work, he noted the failings of the hemp ropes that were in use at that time, and recalled having read of wire ropes in a German journal; he built a rope-walk at his Saxonburg farm, bought a supply of iron wire and trained local labour in the method of wire twisting.At this time, many canals crossed rivers by means of aqueducts. In 1844, the Pennsylvania Canal aqueduct across the Allegheny River was due to be renewed, having become unsafe. Roebling made proposals which were accepted by the canal company: seven wooden spans of 162 ft (49 m) each were supported on either side by a 7 in. (18 cm) diameter cable, Roebling himself having to devise all the machinery required for the erection. He subsequently built four more suspension aqueducts, one of which was converted to a toll bridge and was still in use a century later.In 1849 he moved to Trenton, New Jersey, where he set up a new wire rope plant. In 1851 he started the construction (completed in 1855) of an 821 ft (250 m) long suspension railroad bridge across the Niagara River, 245 ft (75 m) above the rapids; each cable consisted of 3,640 wrought iron wires. A lower deck carried road traffic. He also constructed a bridge across the Ohio River between Cincinnati and Covington, a task which was much protracted due to the Civil War; this bridge was finally completed in 1866.Roebling's crowning achievement was to have been the design and construction of the bridge over the Hudson River between Brooklyn and Staten Island, New York, but he did not live to see its completion. It had a span of 1,595 ft (486 m), designed to bear a load of 18,700 tons (19,000 tonnes) with a headroom of 135 ft (41 m). The work of building had barely started when, at the Brooklyn wharf, a boat crushed Roebling's foot against the timbering and he died of tetanus three weeks later. His son, Washington Augustus Roebling, then took charge of this great work.[br]Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.D.McCullough, 1982, The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn Bridge, New York: Simon \& Schuster.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Roebling, John Augustus
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17 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) ríkisstjóri2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) stjórnandi; stjórnarmeðlimur3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) landstjóri, nÿlendustjóri -
18 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) kormányzó2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) igazgatótanács v. intézőtestület tagja3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) kormányzó -
19 governor
1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) governador2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) director3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) governador* * *gov.ern.or[g'∧vənə] n 1 governador, regente, comandante, diretor, presidente, administrador. 2 Mech regulador, mestre. 3 sl mestre, patrão, pai, chefe. -
20 governor
n. vali, eyalet valisi [amer.], yönetici, müdür (banka, hapishane), patron, baba, bey* * *vali* * *1) (in the United States, the head of a state: the Governor of Ohio.) vali2) (a member of the committee of people who govern a school, hospital etc: He is on the board of governors.) yönetim kurulu üyesi3) (a person who governs a province or colony.) vali
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